Introduction
Autologous Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy represents the most significant class of approved cell and gene therapies to date. However, regulatory approvals thus far have been in specific hematologic malignancies. The promising and demonstrated clinical efficacy of CAR-T therapies in blood cancers is also driving substantial investment toward expanding their applications to solid tumors and autoimmune diseases – meaning scaling of dose throughput will be mandatory to meet the target patient populations. So, since CAR-T therapies account for over 50% of the preclinical and clinical development pipeline within cell and gene therapies, and the growing number of potential patients with the new indications, the necessity for optimizing manufacturing processes and improving patient accessibility has reached a necessity.
One of the major challenges facing autologous CAR-T therapies is their prohibitive cost, exceeding $1 million USD per treatment (1), which limits access to patients with both socioeconomic means and proximity to advanced medical centers. Integrating machine learning (ML) into patient selection and manufacturing processes offers a promising avenue for cost reduction and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. By leveraging ML algorithms to identify patients most likely to achieve a positive clinical response and implementing scalable, high-throughput manufacturing strategies such as robotics, the industry can significantly enhance the financial feasibility of CAR-T therapies. Specifically, by focusing treatment to patients whose T cells can generate a high-quality drug product and producing CAR-T cells within roboticized cleanroom environments, cost reductions of approximately 50% should achievable alongside improved therapeutic outcomes.
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