Artificial Intelligence for Life Science and Materials Science Innovations

Introduction

In 2024 the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Geoffrey Hinton and John J. Hopfield to recognize their foundational discoveries that enabled ML based on artificial neural networks. Those fundamental developments happened in the 1980s when computational power and access to data for training models was still limited. Advances in computation and deep learning algorithms for artificial neural networks driven by applications in physics changed dramatically and led to fundamental breakthroughs in AI/ML in the 2000s. Today, machines can execute tasks which partly outperform human experts and even world champions in their fields like in chess and the ancient Chinese strategy board game GO.