Applications of artificial intelligence in healthcare

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INTRODUCTION
Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence demonstrated by machines, as opposed to the natural intelligence that characterises animals, including humans. AI research is the field of study of intelligent agents, which refers to any system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chance of achieving its goals (1).
In this way, AI is a fast-evolving family of technologies that can bring a wide array of economic and societal benefits across the entire spectrum of industries and social activities; artificial intelligence can support socially and environmentally beneficial outcomes and provide key competitive advantages to companies and the economy (2). Several research studies already suggest that AI can perform as well as or better than humans at essential healthcare tasks, such as diagnosing diseases. Today, algorithms may outperform radiologists at spotting malignant tumours or guiding researchers in creating cohorts for costly clinical trials.